Spatiotemporal relationships between neuronal, metabolic, and hemodynamic signals in the awake and anesthetized mouse brain
Xiaodan Wang,
Jonah A. Padawer-Curry,
Annie R. Bice,
Byungchan Kim,
Zachary P. Rosenthal,
Jin-Moo Lee,
Manu S. Goyal,
Shannon L. Macauley,
Adam Q. Bauer
Affiliations
Xiaodan Wang
Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Jonah A. Padawer-Curry
Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Annie R. Bice
Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Byungchan Kim
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Zachary P. Rosenthal
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Health System Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Jin-Moo Lee
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Manu S. Goyal
Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Shannon L. Macauley
Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
Adam Q. Bauer
Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Corresponding author
Summary: Neurovascular coupling (NVC) and neurometabolic coupling (NMC) provide the basis for functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography to map brain neurophysiology. While increases in neuronal activity are often accompanied by increases in blood oxygen delivery and oxidative metabolism, these observations are not the rule. This decoupling is important when interpreting brain network organization (e.g., resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC]) because it is unclear whether changes in NMC/NVC affect RSFC measures. We leverage wide-field optical imaging in Thy1-jRGECO1a mice to map cortical calcium activity in pyramidal neurons, flavoprotein autofluorescence (representing oxidative metabolism), and hemodynamic activity during wake and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Spontaneous dynamics of all contrasts exhibit patterns consistent with RSFC. NMC/NVC relative to excitatory activity varies over the cortex. Ketamine/xylazine profoundly alters NVC but not NMC. Compared to awake RSFC, ketamine/xylazine affects metabolic-based connectomes moreso than hemodynamic-based measures of RSFC. Anesthesia-related differences in NMC/NVC timing do not appreciably alter RSFC structure.
