Broadband InGaP/GaAs HBT Doherty Power Amplifier IC Using Direct Interstage Power Division for Compact 5G NR Handset Module

Abstract

This paper presents a 2.8-3.8 GHz broadband 2-stage fully differential Doherty power amplifier using direct interstage power division based on a 2- $\mu \text{m}$ InGaP/GaAs HBT process for 5G new radio handset applications. A compact transformer-less interstage network is proposed for direct power division for carrier and peaking amplifiers. The power division ratio at the interstage is designed to dynamically vary according to the input power level to provide higher power gain and desired load impedance modulation. By utilizing the non-linear input reactance of the peaking amplifier, broadband dynamic power division circuits were designed for an operating frequency band of as broad as 1 GHz. In addition, active bias circuits for the peaking amplifier were optimized to have sufficient gain expansion, so that the overall AM-AM characteristics is as flat as possible. A broadband load modulation network using one transformer and two quarter-wave transmission lines is proposed. For the off-chip output transformer, impedance trajectory for the wide band impedance matching is presented using a T-equivalent circuit of the transformer. The self-inductance ratio of the transformer is optimized to maximize the bandwidth. Using the 5G new radio uplink signal with a signal bandwidth of 100 MHz, the implemented Doherty PA IC exhibited a power gain of 31.9 to 38.4 dB, PAE of 22.0 to 30.6%, and average output power of 26.0 to 27.8 dBm at a given ACLR of −33.0 dBc without pre-distortion.

Keywords

• InGaP/GaAs HBT
• Doherty power amplifier
• differential power amplifier
• direct power division
• transformer-less interstage
• 5G new radio