OncoImmunology (Jan 2020)

In the mix: the potential benefits of adding GM-CSF to CpG-B in the local treatment of patients with early-stage melanoma

  • Bas D. Koster,
  • Tamarah D. de Jong,
  • Mari F. C. M. van den Hout,
  • Berbel J. R. Sluijter,
  • Ronald J. C. L. M. Vuylsteke,
  • Barbara G. Molenkamp,
  • Saskia Vosslamber,
  • M. Petrousjka van den Tol,
  • Alfons J. M. van den Eertwegh,
  • Tanja D. de Gruijl

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2019.1708066
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 1

Abstract

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Whereas TLR9 agonists are recognized as powerful stimulators of antitumor immunity, GM-CSF has had mixed reviews. In previously reported randomized trials we assessed the effects of local immune modulation in early-stage melanoma with CpG-B alone or with GM-CSF. Here we discuss the added value of GM-CSF and show sex-related differences.

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