Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: the challenge of our time

Abstract

We analyzed more than 30 original articles and reviews to evaluate the current state of the issues of epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the world. A literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, eLIBRARY databases and official WHO, UR Rospotrebnadzor, Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation, and Center for Disease Control and Prevention data.Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute infectious disease characterized by fever, hemodynamic disorders, hemorrhagic syndrome and kidney damage in the form of acute interstitial nephritis with the development of acute kidney injury. It is caused by RNA-containing viruses of the Hantaan genus, belongs to the group of zoonotic infections, and is transmitted through the air.The Udmurt Republic is one of the regions of the Volga Federal District endemic for HFRS. Annually, from 300 to 2,000 people get sick in the territory of the republic. HFRS affects the most able-bodied part of the population, mainly men aged 20-50. Mortality reaches 20% in certain years of observation. The doctor’s lack of caution regarding HFRS (the initial period of the disease has similar symptoms with acute respiratory diseases) leads to late hospitalization of the patient, often with serious complications that are fatal.The main diagnostic search is carried out by the general practice service of the outpatient clinic. The materials of the article can help to correctly establish a preliminary diagnosis, taking into account clinical and epidemiological data, as well as to prescribe the necessary amount of laboratory and instrumental tests to clarify the diagnosis.

Keywords

• hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
• current clinical course
• gene polymorphism
• pathogenesis
• etiotropic treatment for hfrs
• vaccination