Acute coronary syndrome and associated factors among patients visiting Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital emergency department, Dessie, Ethiopia, cross-sectional study, 2020

Abstract

Background: Acute coronary syndrome is a constellation of signs and symptoms caused by an abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow. It imposes a high burden to developing countries due to an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases. This study assessed the magnitude and factors associated with acute coronary syndrome in patients who visited the emergency department at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study is conducted in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from May 1-June 30, 2020. Epi-data and SPSS statistical software are used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics are summarized using means, medians, and frequencies and presented in texts, tables, and graphs. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses are conducted, and a P-value < 0.05 and odds ratio are used to show the significant relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: The magnitude of acute coronary syndrome was 7.93% (95% CI: 5.4%–11.3%), and of these, 60% were STEMI, 20% were NSTEMI, and 20% were unstable angina. The presence of syncope (AOR 95% CI = 1.56(1.29–4.81), use of aspirin two weeks before admission (AOR 95% CI = 3.92(3.5–4.41), electrocardiographic change (AOR 95% CI = 4.79(2.593–8.43), elevated cardiac-biomarker (AOR 95% CI = 2.28(1.68–2.95) and elevated serum cholesterol (AOR 95% CI = 3.09(2.50–3.85) are significantly associated with the development of acute coronary syndrome. Conclusions: The magnitude of acute coronary syndrome is high in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Increased Body-Mass-Index, syncope, elevated blood cholesterol, elevated cardiac-biomarkers, electrocardiographic changes, and aspirin use are all linked to the development of acute coronary syndrome.

Keywords

• Magnitude
• Risk factor
• Acute coronary syndrome
• STEMI
• NSTEMI