Optimized Cultivation of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Using Winter Jujube Wastes and Safety Risk Assessment of the Cultivated Mushrooms
Jiale Yang,
Shuguang Sun,
Shuqin Qiao,
Xinxin Li,
Guorong Yu,
Wenzhong Lan,
Li Ji,
Yupeng Ge,
Xianhao Cheng,
Weihuan Li
Affiliations
Jiale Yang
Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Shuguang Sun
Shandong Food & Fermentation Engineering Research Major Laboratory, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250013, China
Shuqin Qiao
Yantai Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Yantai 264001, China
Xinxin Li
Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Guorong Yu
Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Wenzhong Lan
Shandong Food & Fermentation Engineering Research Major Laboratory, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250013, China
Li Ji
Shandong Food & Fermentation Engineering Research Major Laboratory, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250013, China
Yupeng Ge
Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Xianhao Cheng
Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Weihuan Li
Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
Substantial agricultural waste, including winter jujube residues, pits, and sawdust, is generated during the planting and processing of winter jujubes. To recycle these wastes, they were used to cultivate Stropharia rugosoannulata. The nutrient composition, mineral elements, 179 pesticide residues, and heavy metals in the wastes and S. rugosoannulata were tested. Cultivating the liquid spawn of S. rugosoannulata with 40 g/L winter jujube residue as a substitute for glucose significantly increased the mycelial pellets’ biomass by 136%, resulting in more uniform pellets. Secondary strains of S. rugosoannulata were cultured using winter jujube pits, showing no significant difference in mycelial growth rate and vigor compared to the control (CK) across additive levels of 10–30%. The fruit bodies of S. rugosoannulata cultivated with winter jujube sawdust exhibited no detectable pesticide residues and a lower heavy metal content than the allowable limits, with a protein content of 36.7 g/100 g. Additionally, the mineral element potassium surpassed sodium by over 200 times, rendering it a potassium-rich, low-sodium food source. Utilizing winter jujube wastes for S. rugosoannulata cultivation effectively repurposed these wastes through sustainable recycling. This approach not only reduces cultivation costs but also yields safe and nutritious edible fungal products.
