The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2023)
BICEP/Keck. XVII. Line-of-sight Distortion Analysis: Estimates of Gravitational Lensing, Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence, Patchy Reionization, and Systematic Errors
- P. A. R. Ade,
- Z. Ahmed,
- M. Amiri,
- D. Barkats,
- R. Basu Thakur,
- C. A. Bischoff,
- D. Beck,
- J. J. Bock,
- H. Boenish,
- E. Bullock,
- V. Buza,
- J. R. Cheshire IV,
- J. Connors,
- J. Cornelison,
- M. Crumrine,
- A. Cukierman,
- E. V. Denison,
- M. Dierickx,
- L. Duband,
- M. Eiben,
- S. Fatigoni,
- J. P. Filippini,
- S. Fliescher,
- C. Giannakopoulos,
- N. Goeckner-Wald,
- D. C. Goldfinger,
- J. Grayson,
- P. Grimes,
- G. Hall,
- G. Halal,
- M. Halpern,
- E. Hand,
- S. Harrison,
- S. Henderson,
- S. R. Hildebrandt,
- J. Hubmayr,
- H. Hui,
- K. D. Irwin,
- J. Kang,
- K. S. Karkare,
- E. Karpel,
- S. Kefeli,
- S. A. Kernasovskiy,
- J. M. Kovac,
- C. L. Kuo,
- K. Lau,
- E. M. Leitch,
- A. Lennox,
- K. G. Megerian,
- L. Minutolo,
- L. Moncelsi,
- Y. Nakato,
- T. Namikawa,
- H. T. Nguyen,
- R. O’Brient,
- R. W. Ogburn IV,
- S. Palladino,
- M. Petroff,
- T. Prouve,
- C. Pryke,
- B. Racine,
- C. D. Reintsema,
- S. Richter,
- A. Schillaci,
- R. Schwarz,
- B. L. Schmitt,
- C. D. Sheehy,
- B. Singari,
- A. Soliman,
- T. St. Germaine,
- B. Steinbach,
- R. V. Sudiwala,
- G. P. Teply,
- K. L. Thompson,
- J. E. Tolan,
- C. Tucker,
- A. D. Turner,
- C. Umiltà,
- C. Vergès,
- A. G. Vieregg,
- A. Wandui,
- A. C. Weber,
- D. V. Wiebe,
- J. Willmert,
- C. L. Wong,
- W. L. K. Wu,
- H. Yang,
- K. W. Yoon,
- E. Young,
- C. Yu,
- L. Zeng,
- C. Zhang,
- S. Zhang,
- BICEP/Keck Collaboration
Affiliations
- P. A. R. Ade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University , Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
- Z. Ahmed
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- M. Amiri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- D. Barkats
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- R. Basu Thakur
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- C. A. Bischoff
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- D. Beck
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- J. J. Bock
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- H. Boenish
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- E. Bullock
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- V. Buza
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- J. R. Cheshire IV
- ORCiD
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- J. Connors
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- J. Cornelison
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- M. Crumrine
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- A. Cukierman
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- E. V. Denison
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- M. Dierickx
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- L. Duband
- Service des Basses Températures , Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- M. Eiben
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- S. Fatigoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- J. P. Filippini
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- S. Fliescher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- C. Giannakopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- N. Goeckner-Wald
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- D. C. Goldfinger
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- J. Grayson
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- P. Grimes
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- G. Hall
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- G. Halal
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- M. Halpern
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- E. Hand
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- S. Harrison
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- S. Henderson
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- S. R. Hildebrandt
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- J. Hubmayr
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- H. Hui
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- K. D. Irwin
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]; National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- J. Kang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- K. S. Karkare
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- E. Karpel
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- S. Kefeli
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- S. A. Kernasovskiy
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- J. M. Kovac
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- C. L. Kuo
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- K. Lau
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- E. M. Leitch
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- A. Lennox
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- K. G. Megerian
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- L. Minutolo
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- L. Moncelsi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Y. Nakato
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- T. Namikawa
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- H. T. Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- R. O’Brient
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- R. W. Ogburn IV
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- S. Palladino
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- M. Petroff
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- T. Prouve
- Service des Basses Températures , Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- C. Pryke
- ORCiD
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- B. Racine
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille, France
- C. D. Reintsema
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- S. Richter
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- A. Schillaci
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- R. Schwarz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- B. L. Schmitt
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- C. D. Sheehy
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, NY 11973, USA
- B. Singari
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- A. Soliman
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- T. St. Germaine
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- B. Steinbach
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- R. V. Sudiwala
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University , Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
- G. P. Teply
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- K. L. Thompson
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- J. E. Tolan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- C. Tucker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University , Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
- A. D. Turner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- C. Umiltà
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- C. Vergès
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- A. G. Vieregg
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- A. Wandui
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- A. C. Weber
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- D. V. Wiebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- J. Willmert
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- C. L. Wong
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- W. L. K. Wu
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- H. Yang
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- K. W. Yoon
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- E. Young
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- C. Yu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA ; [email protected]
- L. Zeng
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- C. Zhang
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- S. Zhang
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- BICEP/Keck Collaboration
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc85c
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 949,
no. 2
p. 43
Abstract
We present estimates of line-of-sight distortion fields derived from the 95 and 150 GHz data taken by BICEP2, BICEP3, and the Keck Array up to the 2018 observing season, leading to cosmological constraints and a study of instrumental and astrophysical systematics. Cosmological constraints are derived from three of the distortion fields concerning gravitational lensing from large-scale structure, polarization rotation from magnetic fields or an axion-like field, and the screening effect of patchy reionization. We measure an amplitude of the lensing power spectrum ${A}_{L}^{\phi \phi }=0.95\pm 0.20$ . We constrain polarization rotation, expressed as the coupling constant of a Chern–Simons electromagnetic term g _a _γ ≤ 2.6 × 10 ^−2 / H _I , where H _I is the inflationary Hubble parameter, and an amplitude of primordial magnetic fields smoothed over 1 Mpc B _1Mpc ≤ 6.6 nG at 95 GHz. We constrain the rms of optical depth fluctuations in a simple “crinkly surface” model of patchy reionization, finding A ^τ < 0.19 (2 σ ) for the coherence scale of L _c = 100. We show that all of the distortion fields of the 95 and 150 GHz polarization maps are consistent with simulations including lensed ΛCDM, dust, and noise, with no evidence for instrumental systematics. In some cases, the EB and TB quadratic estimators presented here are more sensitive than our previous map-based null tests at identifying and rejecting spurious B -modes that might arise from instrumental effects. Finally, we verify that the standard deprojection filtering in the BICEP/Keck data processing is effective at removing temperature to polarization leakage.
Keywords
- Observational cosmology
- Cosmic microwave background radiation
- Weak gravitational lensing
- Primordial magnetic fields
- Reionization
