International Journal of Nanomedicine (Dec 2020)
Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Under Static Magnetic Field Improve Osteogenesis via RUNX-2 and Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis by the Induction of Apoptosis
Abstract
Krzysztof Marycz, 1– 3 Paulina Sobierajska, 4 Rafał Wiglusz, 4 Rafał Idczak, 5 Jean-Marie Nedelec, 6 Andrzej Fal, 2 Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska 1, 3 1The Department of Experimental Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland; 2Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw 01-938, Poland; 3International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin 55-114, Poland; 4Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 50-422, Poland; 5Centre for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 50-950, Poland; 6CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceCorrespondence: Krzysztof MaryczThe Department of Experimental Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Norwida 27B, Wrocław 50-375, PolandTel +48 71 320 5201Email [email protected]: The presented study aimed to investigate the effects of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles and static magnetic field on osteoblast and osteoclasts’ metabolic activity.Methods: Magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by a wet chemical co-precipitation process and analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser Doppler velocimetry, Raman and the Mössbauer spectroscopy. In vitro experiments were performed using MC3T3, 4B12 and RAW 264.7 cell lines. Cells were cultured in the presence of nanoparticles and with or without exposure to the magnetic field. Proteins were investigated with Western blotting and immunofluorescence and Western blot. Gene expression was analyzed with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Obtained particles were in the nano-range (average size around 50 nm) and had a spherical-like morphology. The typical hydrodynamic size was in the range 178– 202 nm and Zeta potential equaled – 9.51 mV. Mössbauer spectrum corresponds to the Fe+3 ions in tetrahedral (A) and Fe+3 and Fe+2 ions in octahedral (B) sites of Fe 3O 4. In vitro study revealed cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory effects of fabricated nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was shown that nanoparticles combined with magnetic field exposure enhance osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3 cells by upregulation of RUNX-2 activity. Under the same experimental condition, nanoparticles and magnetic field decreased osteoclastogenesis of 4B12 by the induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial-dependent pathway.Conclusion: Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles together with magnetic field can be applied for the fabrication of novel biomaterials for the treatment of bone disorders related to bone loss in which a balance between bone-forming and resorbing cells is disturbed.Keywords: magnetite, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, magnetic field
