Emerging Infectious Diseases (Oct 2019)

VAR2CSA Serology to Detect Plasmodium falciparum Transmission Patterns in Pregnancy

  • Ana Maria Fonseca,
  • Raquel González,
  • Azucena Bardají,
  • Chenjerai Jairoce,
  • Maria Rupérez,
  • Alfons Jiménez,
  • Llorenç Quintó,
  • Pau Cisteró,
  • Anifa Vala,
  • Charfudin Sacoor,
  • Himanshu Gupta,
  • Jennifer Hegewisch-Taylor,
  • Joe Brew,
  • Nicaise Tuikue Ndam,
  • Simon Kariuki,
  • Marta López,
  • Carlota Dobaño,
  • Chetan E. Chitnis,
  • Peter Ouma,
  • Michael Ramharter,
  • Salim Abdulla,
  • John J. Aponte,
  • Achille Massougbodji,
  • Valerie Briand,
  • Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma,
  • Meghna Desai,
  • Michel Cot,
  • Arsenio Nhacolo,
  • Esperança Sevene,
  • Eusebio Macete,
  • Clara Menéndez,
  • Alfredo Mayor

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2510.181177
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 25, no. 10
pp. 1851 – 1860

Abstract

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Pregnant women constitute a promising sentinel group for continuous monitoring of malaria transmission. To identify antibody signatures of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure during pregnancy, we dissected IgG responses against VAR2CSA, the parasite antigen that mediates placental sequestration. We used a multiplex peptide-based suspension array in 2,354 samples from pregnant women from Mozambique, Benin, Kenya, Gabon, Tanzania, and Spain. Two VAR2CSA peptides of limited polymorphism were immunogenic and targeted by IgG responses readily boosted during infection and with estimated half-lives of <2 years. Seroprevalence against these peptides reflected declines and rebounds of transmission in southern Mozambique during 2004–2012, reduced exposure associated with use of preventive measures during pregnancy, and local clusters of transmission that were missed by detection of P. falciparum infections. These data suggest that VAR2CSA serology can provide a useful adjunct for the fine-scale estimation of the malaria burden among pregnant women over time and space.

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