Evaluation of increase in intraventricular gradient and dynamic obstruction during exercise stress test in competitive runners

Abstract

Objective: Sudden cardiac death in athletes is one of the most tragic health events seen both in our country and all over the world. In some of those athletes, there is no obvious structural abnormality. Dynamic changes in intracardiac hemodynamics during exercise may be a cause for sudden death in these athletes, the impact of exercise on intracardiac gradient and cardiac hemodynamic parameters in athletes was compared with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 21 professional male athletes and 21 healthy male controls were included in the study. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all participants both at rest and maximal exercise level to assess the intraventricular gradient (IVG) and cardiac systolic and diastolic functions. Abnormal IVG was defined as gradient of >30 mm Hg at peak exercise level. Results: Both groups reached the level of predicted maximum exercise. There was no exercise limiting symptom among participants during exercise test. The athletes revealed a higher maximum peak systolic IVG at baseline and after exercise in comparison with the control group. None of the participants showed an abnormal IVG level. Conclusion: Our results showed that there was no dynamic intraventricular obstruction with aerobic exercise in subjects with a structurally normal heart.

Keywords

• hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• intraventricular gradient; sudden death.