Validation of Two Diagnostic Assessments for Opioid and Stimulant Use Disorder for Use by Non‐Clinicians

Abstract

Objective The United States is in the fourth wave of the opioid epidemic marked by the increase in fentanyl and co‐occurring stimulant use related overdose deaths. Measures are needed to quickly diagnose opioid and stimulant use disorders, yet current traditional diagnostic assessments pose barriers to providing rapid diagnoses. Methods This study aimed to (1) validate an updated version of the Rapid Opioid Dependence Screen (RODS) from DSM‐IV criteria for opioid dependence to the now DSM‐5 moderate‐to‐severe opioid use disorder, the Rapid Opioid Use Disorder Assessment (ROUDA); and (2) create and validate the Rapid Stimulant Use Disorder Assessment to DSM‐5 stimulant use disorder (RSUDA) when compared to the substance use disorder module from the DSM‐5 version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results One‐hundred and fifty adults completed study assessments, 122 reported opioid misuse and 140 reported stimulant misuse within their lifetime. The ROUDA had a sensitivity of 82.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.7, 89.2), specificity of 100.0% (95% CI: 100, 100), and strong internal consistency α = 0.94. The RSUDA had similarly high sensitivity (83.8%, 95% CI: 77.7, 89.9), specificity (91.4%, 95% CI: 86.8, 96.1), and internal consistency α = 0.87. The ROUDA and RSUDA are efficient and valid measures that can be administered in various settings by non‐clinical staff to rapidly diagnose opioid and stimulant use disorders and allow for immediate treatment and harm reduction interventions. Conclusions The ROUDA and RSUDA are efficient and valid measures that can be administered by non‐clinicians to rapidly diagnose opioid and stimulant use disorders.