How to interpret and use the results of epidemiological studies in healthcare practice. Methodological Rationale

Abstract

The methodological rationale contains a description of epidemiological research methods, provides an analysis of the key concepts of epidemiology (population, sample, risk factor (RF)), in the context of prevention priorities, as well as describes each of the main RFs for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is placed on behavioral and mediated biological RFs, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, poor nutrition (low consumption of vegetables and fruits), physical inactivity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and obesity, hyperglycemia and diabetes. The methodological rationale was created with the aim of popularizing epidemiological studies, expanding the scope of its use by clinicians, primary care physicians, specialists from medical prevention centers, providers of preventive measures, as well as decision makers in the healthcare system. The sphere of the implementation of epidemiological data covers both the planning of preventive programs for the modification of risk factors in the population, and monitoring the effectiveness of preventive measures. These materials will also be useful in the development of a population, regional and municipal strategy for the prevention of NCDs and related RFs in Russia.

Keywords

• epidemiology
• population
• sample
• risk factors
• population health
• prediction of adverse cardiovascular events.