Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (Jun 2010)
Uma estratégia para redução de risco cardiovascular em pacientes transplantados renais A strategy to improve the cardiovascular risk factor profile in renal transplant patients
Abstract
FUNDAMENTO: A doença cardiovascular representa a principal causa de morbidade, mortalidade e perda de função do enxerto em receptores de transplante renal (RTR). O tratamento agressivo dos fatores de risco é fortemente recomendado. Entretanto, há um gap entre a terapia baseada em evidência recomendada e o manejo cardiovascular eficaz nesta população. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer uma estratégia de controle de fatores de risco cardiovascular para RTR. MÉTODOS: O risco cardiovascular de 300 RTR de uma Unidade de Transplante Renal foi avaliado através dos critérios de Framingham. Intervenções nos fatores de risco modificáveis foram sugeridas aos médicos assistentes através de cartas anexadas aos prontuários dos pacientes, incluindo modificações no estilo de vida, controle de pressão arterial e uso de tratamento anti-plaquetário e hipolipemiante. Os perfis dos fatores de risco foram re-avaliados depois de 6 e 12 meses. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes apresentava alto risco cardiovascular (58%). Após 12 meses, a proporção de pacientes recebendo tratamento anti-plaquetário, anti-hipertensivo ou hipolipemiante tinha aumentado de forma significante (29 para 51%, 83 para 92% e 3 para 46%, p BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of morbidity, mortality and graft function loss in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Aggressive treatment of risk factors is strongly advocated. However, there is a gap between recommended evidence-based therapy and effective cardiovascular management in that population. OBJECTIVE: To establish a cardiovascular risk factor control strategy for RTR. METHODS: The cardiovascular risk of 300 RTR of a renal transplant unit was assessed using the Framingham criteria. Interventions on modifiable risk factors were suggested to attending physicians by letters attached to patients' charts, including lifestyle modifications, blood pressure control and use of antiplatelet and lipid-lowering therapy. Risk factor profiles were re-evaluated after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Most patients were at high cardiovascular risk (58%). After 12 months, the proportion of patients on antiplatelet, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy was significantly increased (29 to 51%, 83 to 92% and 3 to 46%, p < 0.001, respectively). Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased (237 to 215 mg/dl, p = 0.001 and 244 to 221 mg/dl, p = 0.03). Although a non-significant reduction in LDL levels was observed (136 to 116 mg/dl, p = 0.12), patients starting statins within the first 6 months of the study presented a significant 25% reduction in LDL (159 to 119 mg/dl, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with complete plasma lipid evaluation was also increased (27% to 49%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a simple, inexpensive strategy significantly improves the cardiovascular risk profile of RTR, potentially translating into marked benefits for long-term graft function and life expectancy.
