طب انتظامی (Jan 2023)
The Effectiveness of the Self-Compassion Training on Self-Efficacy and Life Satisfaction in NAJA Retirees in Tehran
Abstract
Introduction .... [1-7]. Armed Forces personnel usually have organizational powers, facilities, and formalities based on their organizational positions, but in retirement and lack of previous authority, in some cases they experience psychological problems [8] which causes them to feel inefficacious and also have dissatisfaction with life [9]. ... [10]. According to various studies, in retirement, people's senses of life satisfaction and self-efficacy decrease [11-13]. Therefore, reinforcement of these factors can improve the mental health of retirees. Self-compassion interventions are one of the trainings to help these people to avoid feelings of inefficiency and life dissatisfaction. ... [14]. People who have more compassion for themselves, because they judge with less rigor, accept painful events more easily and are less anxious, etc. [15]. ... [16]. Treatment of self-compassion in recent years has been used to reduce severe reactions and negative emotions [17], reduce stress and anxiety [18], increase quality of life [19], life satisfaction [20] and resilience [21] in different communities. But in previous research, the effectiveness of this type of intervention in the community of police force retirees has not been examined. ... [22-24]. Aim(s) The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion treatment on self-efficacy and life satisfaction among police retirees in Tehran, Iran. Research Type This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Research Society, Place and Time The population of the present study were all retirees of Tehran, Iran police in 2020. Sampling Method and Number 30 available samples were selected. Used Devices & Materials Scherer and Maddox Self-Efficacy [25] and Diner et al. Life Satisfaction [26, 27] questionnaires were used as research tools. ... [28]. Statistical Analysis Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the effect of treatment on self-efficacy and life satisfaction. The statistical analysis was totally performed using SPSS 22 software. Significance level was considered as (P-value <0.05). Finding by Text The entire 30 samples participated in the study to the end of the group therapy and no fall occurred. The mean age of retirees in the experimental group was 73.11±6.41 and in the control group was 76.51±5.31. The results of univariate analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age (P-value=0.134; F=2.38). According to Table 2, the changes in the mean of self-efficacy and life satisfaction indices in the experimental group were somewhat noticeable, but ANCOVA was used to compare these means. It should be noted that before doing ANCOVA, its assumptions were first reviewed and confirmed. Considering the F values for self-efficacy post-test (91.76) and its significance level (P-value = 0.001) which was less than 0.05, it was observed that self- compassion treatment was effective and could increase self-efficacy in the experimental group. (Table 3). Considering the F values for the life satisfaction post-test (12.79) and its significance level (P-value = 0.001), which was less than 0.05, it was observed that self-compassion treatment was effective and was able to increase life satisfaction in the experimental group (Table 4). Main Comparison to the Similar Studies According to the first finding of the study, self-compassion treatment improved the self-efficacy of retirees. This finding is consistent with previous research [15, 17, 18, 21]. According to the second finding of the study, self-compassion treatment promotes life satisfaction in retirees. This finding is consistent with previous research [11, 12]. .... [29]. Limitation One of the limitations of this study was the inability to control the interpersonal and family problems of retirees that these interactions can lead to improved or reduced self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Another limitation of this study was the selection of a sample only from retirees of the Tehran, Iran police force, which limits the generalizability of the results. Suggestions It is suggested that in future research, by controlling the amount and type of interpersonal and family problems of individuals, the relationship of these interactions and interpersonal conditions with the improvement or occurrence of self-efficacy and life satisfaction of retirees be examined. Research of this kind should also be conducted on police force retirees and other agencies in other cities. Lack of follow-up period was another limitation of the present study that should be considered in future research. Conclusions The results of the study showed that self-compassion treatment is effective on self-efficacy and life satisfaction of retirees and this type of intervention can be used to improve the problems of retirees, especially police force retirees. Clinical & Practical Tips in Police Medicine It is necessary to perform interventions and trainings that lead to improving the health status of retirees, including their sense of self-efficacy and life satisfaction, and can be very useful in this section of society. Acknowledgments The researchers consider it necessary to express their sincere gratitude to all the participants in this study doing of which was impossible without their cooperation, as well as to the friends and professors who helped the researchers in this study. Conflict of Interest The authors state that there is no conflict of interest in the present study. Funding Sources All research costs are covered by the authors.
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