В мире научных открытий (Mar 2018)
FEATURES GASTOSTOMY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF NESTS OF THE GREAT TIT (PARUS MAJOR L.) AND THE COMMON REDSTART (PHOENICURUS PHOENICURUS L.) IN THE URBANIZED LANDSCAPE OF THE CITY OF MONCHEGORSK
Abstract
The author made an analysis the composition and characteristics of nests of hole-nesting birds within the city of Monchegorsk and neighbouring areas: the great tit (n=35) and the common redstart (n=17) over a five-year period. The main parameters of the nests for the great tit are as follows: the height of 5.43±0.31 cm, diameter of 14.52±0.42 cm, weight 36.78±2.6 g and the common redstart: height of 7.2±0.6 cm, diameter of 16.53±7.75 cm, weight 61.82±5.84 g. the Average starting date of the construction of the nest great tit at the first attempt of nesting 09 May±1,27 (limmin=April 24, limmax= May 23; n=27), a second attempt of nesting 24 June±1.79 (limmin=June 18, limmax= Jul 11; n=8), the common redstart May 24±1.18 (limmin=May 15, limmax= June 06; n=17). The predominant tree species for settlement nest-boxes and built nests of hole-nesting birds is the subarctic birch (Betula subarctica Orlova). The highest number of nests of the great tit (28.5%) are in the nest with the four components; the nest, consisting of 2 and 3 components are, respectively, 8.5% and 22.9% of the total number of nests. In the nests of the great tit the number of components ranges from 2 to 5, an average of 4.37±0.28, the main ones are green moss and dog wool. The overwhelming number of nests of the common redstart consists of seven components (29.5%), nests, containing four, five and six components, accounting for 17.6 percent; the number of components is in the range from 3 to 10, averaging 6±0.46. The most typical components of the common redstart nests are grass sprouts, leaves, bark and trash. Shoots of grasses, leaves, bark and trash – based nest of the common redstart. These components are the traditional natural materials for nests listed bird species. As a specific anthropogenic components used by birds to build their nests, used: polyethylene, paper (cardboard), wool yarn, burlap, cotton, polyester. The percentage of occurrence of anthropogenic materials 34.3% for nests of the great tit and 52.9% for nests of the common redstart.
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