An Overview of Diagnosis and Management of Temporomandibular Disorders

Abstract

Background Temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain diagnoses can be difficult for clinicians to both diagnose and manage. This may increase patient confusion and time to diagnose, thus prolonging treatment. To better manage these disorders, a thorough understanding of temporomandibular joint anatomy and diagnosis is needed.Types of Studies Reviewed A narrative review of temporomandibular joint anatomy, etiology, diagnostic criteria, common clinical findings, and management is presented to aid the general dentist in recognition of these common disorders.Results and Practical Implications A thorough understanding of the new diagnostic criteria, the International Classification of Orofacial Pain may aid in characterizing clinical orofacial pain disorders. Additionally, by applying the 3P framework to identify predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors, clinicians can better understand the etiology of the temporomandibular disorders. Management should include addressing etiologic factors and begin with conservative strategies. Timely management is necessary to prevent nociplastic changes associated with the transformation from acute to chronic pain.

Keywords

• Temporomandibular joint
• temporomandibular disorders
• orofacial pain