Fatores associados à hipertensão intracraniana em crianças e adolescentes vítimas de traumatismo crânio-encefálico grave Factors associated with intracranial hypertension in children and teenagers who suffered severe head injuries

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à ocorrência de hipertensão intracraniana em pacientes pediátricos vítimas de traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) grave. MÉTODOS: Coorte com coleta retrospectiva do período de 1998 a 2003. Incluídos pacientes entre 0 e 16 anos com TCE, pontuação 20 mmHg com necessidade de tratamento e HIC refratária, acima de 25 mmHg, com necessidade de coma barbitúrico ou craniectomia descompressiva. Foi realizada análise univariada, seguida de multivariada, sendo consideradas significativas as variáveis com p OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with intracranial hypertension in pediatric patients who suffered severe head injuries. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, with data collected from September 1998 through August 2003, including patients aged 0 to 16 who suffered severe head injuries, Glasgow score 20 mmHg requiring treatment, while refractory IH was ICP over 25 mmHg requiring barbiturates or decompressive craniectomy. Univariate analysis was followed by multivariate analysis; variables were considered significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS: Ages ranged from 2 months to 16 years, median age 9.7 (6.0-2.3) years. Glasgow scores ranged from 3 to 8, median 6 (4-7). Traffic accidents were responsible for 79.5% of events. Monitoring devices were installed, on average, 14 hours after trauma, median time 24 hours. One hundred and three patients (78%) had IH, while 57 (43.2%) had refractory IH. In multivariate analysis, younger age ranges were associated with IH relative risk = 1.67 (1.03-2.72); p = 0.037, and abnormal postures were associated with refractory IH relative risk = 2.25 (1.06-4.78). The group mortality rate was 51.5%; it was correlated with use of barbiturates in refractory IH and low cerebral perfusion pressure at the intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: IH and refractory IH were frequent events in pediatric patients who suffered severe head injuries. The younger the patient, the greater the chance of developing IH. The presence of abnormal postures was found to be a risk factor for refractory IH.

Keywords

• Traumatismo cranioencefálico em pediatria
• traumatismo cerebral em pediatria
• lesão cerebral pediátrica
• hipertensão intracraniana
• Pediatric head injuries
• pediatric traumatic brain injury
• pediatric brain injury
• intracranial hypertension