Subcutaneous mastectomy in female-to-male transsexuals is associated with higher risk of postoperative bleeding complications

Abstract

SUMMARY: Introduction: Chest contouring or subcutaneous mastectomy (SCM) in female-to-male (FtM) transgender individuals is the primary surgery in the gender reassignment process. Many authors report high rates of postoperative bleeding in these patients and discuss a possible influence of preoperative hormone therapy. However, there is a lack of data on the analysis between different surgical techniques and postoperative bleeding risk. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 22 FtM transgender individuals who underwent bilateral SCM using 4 different techniques (44 breasts) between June 2014 and September 2023. Postoperative complications regarding surgical techniques and patient demographics were collected and analyzed. Results: SCM with free nipple grafting was the most commonly used technique (n = 12, 54.5%). The mean operative time was 163.4 ± 49.2 minutes. There were no significant differences in operative time between the surgical techniques (p ≥ 0.20 in all cases). The rate of acute postoperative bleeding was 20.5% (n = 9). Acute postoperative bleeding occurred most frequently in patients who received a semi-circular incision for SCM. There was no significant difference in the rate of acute postoperative bleeding between the different surgical techniques. BMI, breast weight, and duration of surgery were not associated with the rate of acute complications (p > 0.17 in all cases). Conclusions: Less invasive SCM techniques in FtM transgender individuals are associated with higher postoperative bleeding risk.

Keywords

• Mastectomy
• Female-to-male
• Transsexuals
• Transgender
• Gender reassignment