Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes influenced by paris polyphylla in tongue cancer using network pharmacology

Abstract

Abstract Background Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) represents the most prevalent form of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, comprising approximately one-third of all oral cancers. Paris polyphylla(PP) exhibit promising anti-tumor properties, yet their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying TSCC treatment with PP and establishes a theoretical basis for their clinical application. Methods Employing transcriptomics and network pharmacology methodologies, we identified autophagy-related key genes associated with the effects of PP. These genes were subjected to KEGG and GO enrichment analyses to determine their related functions. In vitro, CAL-27 cells were treated with 10, 30, and 60 μg/ml of PP for 24 h to assess tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy-related markers. Key findings. Molecular docking of MAPK3 and PSEN1 with PP revealed stable hydrogen bond interactions, indicating the therapeutic potential of these saponins in TSCC through the autophagy pathway. In vitro experiments demonstrated significant inhibition of proliferative activity in tongue squamous carcinoma CAL-27 cells and promotion of tumor cell apoptosis by PP. Western blot analysis confirmed alterations in the expression of autophagy markers P62, LC3B, and Beclin1 following treatment, suggesting activation of the autophagy pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that PP inhibits tumor cells through the autophagy pathway, in which MAPK3 and PSEN1 play a role as potential functional molecules.

Keywords

• TSCC
• Paris polyphylla
• MAPK3
• PSEN1
• Apoptosis