Nutrición Hospitalaria (Oct 2010)
Estudio de las características antropométricas y nutricionales de los adolescentes del núcleo urbano de Valladolid Study of the anthropometric and nutritional characteristics of adolescents in the city of Valladolid
Abstract
Objetivos: Descripción de las características antropométricas de una muestra de adolescentes de Valladolid junto al análisis de ingesta dietética del grupo de población. Material y métodos: Estudio de campo observacional descriptivo transversal, de una muestra de 557 adolescentes (14 - 18 años), seleccionada por muestreo probabilística de entre 6 institutos públicos y privados, de distintos barrios de Valladolid. Se realizó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo junto a la medición antropométrica. La clasificación de los individuos se realizó mediante el cálculo del Z-score del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), los puntos de corte para el IMC de Cole y criterios de la International Diabetes Federation (IDF). El análisis nutricional se realizó mediante un enfoque probabilístico y el índice de adecuación nutricional. Resultados: El exceso de peso es similar en ambos sexos (17%), sin emabrgo existe un 15,2% de prevalencia de bajo peso entre las mujeres estudiadas, frente al 4,5% en varones (pObjectives: A description of the anthropometric characteristics of a sample of adolescents from Valladolid and the analysis of dietary intake of the population. Materials and methods: Observational study of descriptive cross-field of a sample of 557 adolescents (14 - 18 years) by probabilistic sampling from 6 public and private, in different districts of Valladolid. We carried out a food frequency questionnaire with anthropometric measurements. The classification of individuals was by calculating the Z-score of body mass index (BMI), the Cole´s cutoff points for BMI and criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Nutritional analysis: probabilistic approach and the nutrient adequacy ratio. Results: Excess weight is similar in both sexes (17%), but there is a 15.2% prevalence of underweight among the women studied, compared to 4.5% in males (p <0.005). 1.3% risk of having metabolic syndrome. Energy consumption is distributed: 30-32% fat, 45% carbohydrates and 16-17% protein. The nutritional deficiency likely reflects consumption in iodine, zinc, vitaminsA and E. Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity is close to that of other series, but the prevalence of overweight is lower. It is very important percentage of women with a BMI below normal for their age and sex. There is an excess of protein intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, with a deficit in the consumption of carbohydrates, iodine, zinc and vitamins A and E.
