ON ROOT FUNCTIONS OF NONLOCAL DIFFERENTIAL SECOND-ORDER OPERATOR WITH BOUNDARY CONDITIONS OF PERIODIC TYPE

Abstract

In this paper we consider one class of spectral problems for a nonlocal ordinary differential operator (with involution in the main part) with nonlocal boundary conditions of periodic type. Such problems arise when solving by the method of separation of variables for a nonlocal heat equation. We investigate spectral properties of the problem for the nonlocal ordinary differential equation Ly (x) ≡ −y 00 (x) + εy00 (−x) = λy (x), −1 < x < 1. Here λ is a spectral parameter, |ε| < 1. Such equations are called nonlocal because they have a term y 00 (−x) with involutional argument deviation. Boundary conditions are nonlocal y 0 (−1) + ay0 (1) = 0, y (−1) − y (1) = 0. Earlier this problem has been investigated for the special case a = −1. We consider the case a 6= −1. A criterion for simplicity of eigenvalues of the problem is proved: the eigenvalues will be simple if and only if the number r = sqrt{p (1 − ε) / (1 + ε)} is irrational. We show that if the number r is irrational, then all the eigenvalues of the problem are simple, and the system of eigenfunctions of the problem is complete and minimal but does not form an unconditional basis in L2(−1, 1). For the case of rational numbers r, it is proved that a (chosen in a special way) system of eigen- and associated functions forms an unconditional basis in L2(−1, 1).

Keywords

• nonlocal differential operator
• spectrum
• eigenvalue
• multiplicity of eigenvalues
• eigenfunction
• associated function
• unconditional basis