Clinical Optometry (May 2021)
Trichromatic Enhanced Dynamic Color Screening on the PDI Check Nintendo 3DS Game
Abstract
Andrew Arnold,1 Kyle Smith,2 Aaron Molina,2 Alex Damarjian,2 Tarah Desatoff,3 Robert Arnold4 1Pacific Northwest University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Yakima, WA, USA; 2PDI CHECK, Anchorage, AK, USA; 3Optometry Department, South Central Foundation, Wasilla, AK, USA; 4Alaska Blind Child Discovery, Alaska Children’s EYE & Strabismus, Anchorage, AK, USACorrespondence: Robert ArnoldAlaska Children’s EYE & Strabismus, 3500 Latouche #280, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USATel +1 907561-1917Fax +1 907563-5373Email [email protected]: Classification of color deficiency has required substantial time and expense with the static Farnsworth-Munsell and Innova Rabin tests. Therefore, dynamic color tests were developed for the Nintendo 3DS.Methods: Fifteen color deficient patients and 17 age-matched normals performed Rabin color test in addition to PDI Check dynamic color games resembling Farnsworth-Munsell presentation (version 0.2.8) and 3-color iso-luminance gray (version 0.2.13).Results: Tests of red, green and blue cone-deficient with the v0.2.8 had sensitivity/specificity/PPV of 92%/86%/92% protanopes, 78%/90%/88% deutanopes and 87%/50%/93% tritanopes. Version 0.2.13 had sens/spec/PPV of 78%/83%/78% red-cone, 100%/85%/80% green cone and 67%/78%/33% blue cone. Corresponding IntraClass Correlation (ICC) utilizing v0.2.8 were red-cone 0.22 (− 0.02– 0.60), green-cone 0.34 (− 0.10– 0.67) and blue-cone 0.38 (0.12– 0.75). ICC for v0.2.13 was higher with protanope 0.62 (− 0.07– 0.87), deuteranope 0.64 (− 0.09– 0.88) and tritanope 0.31 (− 0.07– 0.70). The PDI Check color game took 65 seconds compared to 197 seconds for Innova Rabin.Conclusion: The PDI Check color game quickly identifies patients with inherited color deficiencies.Keywords: color blindness, deuteranomaly, protanomaly, Farnsworth-Munsell, Rabin color cone test, dynamic, vision screening
