Target-Specific Nanoparticle Polyplex Down-Regulates Mutant <i>Kras</i> to Prevent Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Halt Tumor Progression

Abstract

Survival from pancreatic cancer is poor because most cancers are diagnosed in the late stages and there are no therapies to prevent the progression of precancerous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs). Inhibiting mutant KRASG12D, the primary driver mutation in most human pancreatic cancers, has been challenging. The cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR) is absent in the normal pancreas but becomes expressed in high grade PanIN lesions and is over-expressed in pancreatic cancer making it a prime target for therapy. We developed a biodegradable nanoparticle polyplex (NP) that binds selectively to the CCK-BR on PanINs and pancreatic cancer to deliver gene therapy. PanIN progression was halted and the pancreas extracellular matrix rendered less carcinogenic in P48-Cre/LSL-KrasG12D/+ mice treated with the CCK-BR targeted NP loaded with siRNA to mutant Kras. The targeted NP also slowed proliferation, decreased metastases and improved survival in mice bearing large orthotopic pancreatic tumors. Safety and toxicity studies were performed in immune competent mice after short or long-term exposure and showed no off-target toxicity by histological or biochemical evaluation. Precision therapy with target-specific NPs provides a novel approach to slow progression of advanced pancreatic cancer and also prevents the development of pancreatic cancer in high-risk subjects without toxicity to other tissues.

Keywords

• pancreatic cancer
• cholecystokinin receptor
• mutant <i>Kras</i>
• nanoparticles