Comparative analysis of cardiovascular system morphofunctional disorders’ correction in a simulated metabolic syndrome

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) causes the risk of serious diseases development e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disasters. Timely and adequate correction of MS can reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes AIM: To investigate the development of MS and drugs for its correction on the morphofunctional state of the heart muscle and large blood vessels. MATERIALS AND METODS: A comparative analysis of morphofunctional disorders in the cardiovascular system on the fructose model of MS and its correction in adult (n=32) and young (n=50) Wistar rats was performed. The duration of fructose feeding was 24 weeks for young animals and 16 weeks for Mature animals due to their different resistance to the development of the MS model. To correct MS, the following drugs were used: resveratrol, Stilbene concentrate in a dose of 2 mg/kg, Fenokor – 1 ml/kg, azilsartan – 1 mg/kg. During the experiment, blood pressure (BP), body weight, and heart rate (HR) were measured in experimental animals. Then, after euthanasia, sections of the heart and aorta of experimental rats were examined using light microscopy. RESULTS: In MS, adult male rats developed morphological changes in the heart wall, which were primary vascular damage, and secondary – myocardial injury. In the aorta, signs of endothelial damage, lipid imbibition, and fibroelastic scaffolding were revealed. A specificity of young animals’ response to MS was functional compensation with pronounced changes in the structure of large vessels. The greatest effect of normalization of morphofunctional indicators in mature animals is provided by preparations of polyphenols. When MS was corrected with Resveratrol and Fenocor, there was no obese fibrous stroma of the heart, and there was also a normalization of the structure of the middle layer of the aortic wall. In young animals, the use of Azilsartan and Stilbene concentrate from 14th week of the experiment also led to compensation of vascular damage and hemodynamic disorders. CONCLUSION: To correct the manifestations of MS in the cardiovascular system in mature rats, the most effective drugs are resveratrol and Fenocor, and in young rats – azilsartan and Stilbene concentrate in the case of early use.

Keywords

• metabolic syndrome
• myocardium
• resveratrol
• azilsartan