Comparing Immune Responses to Inactivated Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 between People Living with HIV and HIV-Negative Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Xiaojie Huang,
Ying Yan,
Bin Su,
Dong Xiao,
Maohe Yu,
Xia Jin,
Junyi Duan,
Xiangjun Zhang,
Shimin Zheng,
Yuan Fang,
Tong Zhang,
Weiming Tang,
Lunan Wang,
Zixin Wang,
Junjie Xu
Affiliations
Xiaojie Huang
Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
Ying Yan
National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Bin Su
Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
Dong Xiao
Rainbow Clinic of Beijing Jingcheng Skin Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
Maohe Yu
Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
Xia Jin
AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), Beijing 100088, China
Junyi Duan
Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
Xiangjun Zhang
Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Shimin Zheng
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 70300, USA
Yuan Fang
Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 200092, China
Tong Zhang
Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
Weiming Tang
University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou 510095, China
Lunan Wang
National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Zixin Wang
JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 666888, China
Junjie Xu
Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518036, China
This study compared the immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines between people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative individuals. We recruited 120 PLWH and 53 HIV-negative individuals aged 18–59 years who had received an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in two Chinese cities between April and June 2021. Blood samples were tested for immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The prevalence and severity of adverse events associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were similar between PLWH and HIV-negative individuals. The seropositivity of neutralizing activity against authentic SARS-CoV-2, of the total amount of antibody (total antibody) and of S-IgG were 71.3%, 81.9%, and 92.6%, respectively, among fully vaccinated PLWH. Among all participants, PLWH had lower neutralizing activity, total antibody, S-IgG, and T-cell-specific immune response levels, compared to HIV-negative individuals, after controlling for types of vaccine, time interval between first and second dose, time after receiving the second dose, and sociodemographic factors. PLWH with a longer interval since HIV diagnosis, who received their second dose 15–28 days prior to study commencement, and who had an interval of ≥21 days between first and second dose had higher neutralizing activity levels. The immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was lower among PLWH as compared to HIV-negative individuals. Vaccination guideline specific for PLWH should be developed.
