BMC Urology (Apr 2017)

Lymphoepithelioma-like, a variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and systematic review for optimal treatment modality for disease-free survival

  • Andy W. Yang,
  • Aydin Pooli,
  • Subodh M. Lele,
  • Ina W. Kim,
  • Judson D. Davies,
  • Chad A. LaGrange

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-017-0224-4
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 1
pp. 1 – 6

Abstract

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Abstract Background Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare high-grade carcinoma that resembles nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma and can occur throughout the body. First reported in 1991, bladder LELC has an incidence of about 1% of all bladder carcinomas. Due to its rare occurrence, prognoses and ideal treatment guidelines have not been clearly defined. Methods A PubMed search was performed using two terms, “lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma” and “bladder.” Review articles, articles in foreign languages, expression studies, and studies not performed in the bladder were excluded. We report a case of LELC of the bladder including treatment and outcome and performed a systematic review of all 36 available English literatures from 1991 to 2016 including the present case to identify factors affecting disease-free survival. Results One hundred forty cases of bladder LELC were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 70.1 years ranging from 43 to 90 years with 72% males and 28% females. Pure LELC occurs most often at 46% followed by mixed LELC 28% and predominant LELC 26%. EBV testing was negative in all cases tested. Mean follow-up length for all cases was 33.8 months with no evidence of disease in 62.2%, while 11.1% died of disease, 10.4% alive with metastasis, and 8.2% died without disease. 5.0% of cases had recurrence at an average of 31.3 months. Prognosis is significantly favorable for patients presenting with pure or predominant forms of LELC compared to mixed type (p < 0.0001). The treatment significantly associated with the highest disease mortality and lowest disease-free survival was TURBT alone when compared to any multi-modality treatment (p < 0.01). Conclusion We conclude that the best treatment modality associated with the highest disease-free survival is multi-modal treatment including radical cystectomy.

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