Quantum soliton-trains of strongly correlated impurities in Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

Strongly correlated impurities immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) can form a periodic structure of tightly localized single atoms due to competing inter and intraspecies interactions, leading to a self-organized pinned state. In this work, we show numerically that the impurities in the self-pinned state form a soliton-train, as a consequence of a BEC-mediated attractive self-interaction and ordering due to the exclusion principle. The dynamics of the impurities possess the characteristics of bright matter-wave soliton trains as often seen in classical fields; however, in the few impurities cases, the detailed nature of collisions is determined by their quantum statistics.