Development and validation of new multimorbidity-weighted index for ICD-10-coded electronic health record and claims data: an observational study

Abstract

Objective Map multimorbidity-weighted index (MWI) conditions to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), expand the conditions and codes to develop a new ICD-10-coded MWI (MWI-ICD10) and updated MWI-ICD9, and assess their consistency.Design Population-based retrospective cohort.Setting Large medical centre between 2013 and 2017.Participants Adults ≥18 years old with encounters in each of 4 years (2013, 2014, 2016, 2017).Main outcome measures MWI conditions mapped to ICD-10 codes, and additional conditions and codes added to produce a new MWI-ICD10 and updated MWI-ICD9. We compared the prevalence of ICD-coded MWI conditions within the ICD-9 era (2013–2014), within the ICD-10 era (2016–2017) and across the ICD-9–ICD-10 transition in 2015 (washout period) among adults present in both sets of comparison years. We computed the prevalence and change in prevalence of conditions when using MWI-ICD10 versus MWI-ICD9.Results 88 175 adults met inclusion criteria. Participants were 60.8% female, 50.5% white, with mean age 54.7±17.3 years and baseline MWI-ICD9 4.47±6.02 (range 0–64.33). Of 94 conditions, 65 had <1% difference across the ICD-9–ICD-10 transition and similar minimal changes within ICD coding eras.Conclusions MWI-ICD10 captured the prevalence of chronic conditions nearly identically to that of the validated MWI-ICD9, along with notable but explicable changes across the ICD-10 transition. This new comprehensive person-centred index enables quantification of cumulative disease burden and physical functioning in adults as a clinically meaningful measure of multimorbidity in electronic health record and claims data.