Planar Junctionless Field-Effect Transistor for Detecting Biomolecular Interactions
Rajendra P. Shukla,
J. G. Bomer,
Daniel Wijnperle,
Naveen Kumar,
Vihar P. Georgiev,
Aruna Chandra Singh,
Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy,
César Pascual García,
Sergii Pud,
Wouter Olthuis
Affiliations
Rajendra P. Shukla
BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
J. G. Bomer
BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Daniel Wijnperle
BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Naveen Kumar
Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
Vihar P. Georgiev
Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
Aruna Chandra Singh
Nano-Enabled Medicine and Cosmetics Group, Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Belvaux, Luxembourg
Sivashankar Krishnamoorthy
Nano-Enabled Medicine and Cosmetics Group, Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4362 Belvaux, Luxembourg
César Pascual García
Nanoscale Engineering for Devices & Bio-Interfaces, Nanotechnology Unit of the Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
Sergii Pud
BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Wouter Olthuis
BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Label-free field-effect transistor-based immunosensors are promising candidates for proteomics and peptidomics-based diagnostics and therapeutics due to their high multiplexing capability, fast response time, and ability to increase the sensor sensitivity due to the short length of peptides. In this work, planar junctionless field-effect transistor sensors (FETs) were fabricated and characterized for pH sensing. The device with SiO2 gate oxide has shown voltage sensitivity of 41.8 ± 1.4, 39.9 ± 1.4, 39.0 ± 1.1, and 37.6 ± 1.0 mV/pH for constant drain currents of 5, 10, 20, and 50 nA, respectively, with a drain to source voltage of 0.05 V. The drift analysis shows a stability over time of −18 nA/h (pH 7.75), −3.5 nA/h (pH 6.84), −0.5 nA/h (pH 4.91), 0.5 nA/h (pH 3.43), corresponding to a pH drift of −0.45, −0.09, −0.01, and 0.01 per h. Theoretical modeling and simulation resulted in a mean value of the surface states of 3.8 × 1015/cm2 with a standard deviation of 3.6 × 1015/cm2. We have experimentally verified the number of surface sites due to APTES, peptide, and protein immobilization, which is in line with the theoretical calculations for FETs to be used for detecting peptide-protein interactions for future applications.
