Impact des facteurs climatiques et anthropiques sur la biodiversité dans le Parc National de Manda (PNM) au Tchad

Abstract

Climate change and human activities are leaving their mark on the earth's landscape. Manda Park, created with the aim of preserving the biodiversity typical of the Sudanian zone, experienced regular and significant growth until 1979, the year of the civil war in Chad. This event led to the almost total disappearance of fauna in 1980 and a fragmentation of biotopes. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on this park. The methodology consisted of the analysis of climatic and vegetation data and field survey data. The results obtained showed that precipitation and temperatures vary over time and that landscape dynamics are observed from 1990 to 2020. The key species for which the park was created, namely the Derby elk, water buffalo savannah and elephants have disappeared. Other species such as the Wild Dog and the different types of antelope have declined remarkably under the effect of the strong anthropization of the protected area and climate change marked by the permanent presence of domestic livestock. It is important to strengthen the protection of the park for the restoration of the fauna and flora.

Keywords

• manda national park
• anthropogenic factors
• climatic factors
• biodiversity.