Probing protein aggregation through spectroscopic insights and multimodal approaches: A comprehensive review for counteracting neurodegenerative disorders
Sania Bashir,
Ayesha Aiman,
Anis Ahmad Chaudhary,
Nashrah Khan,
Ishfaq Ahmad Ahanger,
Neha Sami,
Eman Abdullah Almugri,
Mohamed A.M. Ali,
Salah-Ud-Din Khan,
Mohammad Shahid,
Seemi Farhat Basir,
Md Imtaiyaz Hassan,
Asimul Islam
Affiliations
Sania Bashir
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
Ayesha Aiman
Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.
Nashrah Khan
Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
Ishfaq Ahmad Ahanger
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
Neha Sami
Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
Eman Abdullah Almugri
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed A.M. Ali
Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
Salah-Ud-Din Khan
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Universi-ty (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Shahid
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
Seemi Farhat Basir
Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
Asimul Islam
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India; Corresponding author.
Aberrant accumulation of protein misfolding can cause aggregation and fibrillation and is one of the primary characteristic features of neurodegenerative diseases. Because they are disordered, misfolded, and aggregated proteins pose a significant setback in drug designing. The structural study of intermediate steps in these kinds of aggregated proteins will allow us to determine the conformational changes as well as the probable pathways encompassing various neurodegenerative disorders. The analysis of protein aggregates involved in neurodegenerative diseases relies on a diverse toolkit of biophysical techniques, encompassing both morphological and non-morphological methods. Additionally, Thioflavin T (ThT) assays and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy facilitate investigations into aggregation kinetics and secondary structure alterations. The collective application of these biophysical techniques empowers researchers to comprehensively unravel the intricate nature of protein aggregates associated with neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the topics covered in this review have summed up a handful of well-established techniques used for the structural analysis of protein aggregation. This multifaceted approach advances our fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving neurodegenerative diseases and informs potential therapeutic strategies.
