Mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1: análise clínico-epidemiológica em uma série de casos de 10 anos HTLV-1 associated myelopathy: clinical and epidemiological profile in a 10-year case series study

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: A mielopatia associada ao retrovírus HTLV-1 (HAM/TSP) é uma doença progressiva e incapacitante. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes com HAM/TSP. MÉTODOS: Série de casos admitidos de 01/1998 a 12/ 2007, em hospital de reabilitação utilizando os critérios diagnósticos de HAM/TSP. RESULTADOS: Participaram 206 pacientes, dos quais, 67% eram mulheres, com 53 anos de média de idade, nove anos de média de duração de doença. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram a diminuição da força em membros inferiores, espasticidade, dor, presença de bexiga neurogênica e a constipação intestinal. Os sinais neurológicos foram hiperreflexia, Babinsky, Hoffmann e neuropatia periférica. A presença de dor, de espasticidade muscular e de atrofia medular à ressonância nuclear magnética de medula espinhal foram associadas à duração da doença (pINTRODUCTION: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disabling disorder. This work aimed to analyze clinical features and epidemiology in a sample of HAM/TSP. METHODS: All HTLV-1 infected patients with diagnostic criteria for HAM/TSP, consecutively admitted to the Sarah Hospital from 1998 to 2007, were included in the study. RESULTS: 206 patients (67% females; mean age: 53.8 years-old) were diagnosed with HAM/TSP. The mean time of evolution was 9.0 years. The most common neurological symptoms were chronic progressive spastic paraparesis, spasticity, pain, neurogenic bladder and neurogenic bowel. The neurological findings were hyperreflexia, Babinsky, Hoffman and peripheral neuropathy. Pain, spasticity and spinal cord atrophy, observed in MRI, were associated with time of disease (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HAM/TSP is a very disabling disorder, in which pain is reported early, while spasticity and thoracic spinal cord atrophy appear in a later phase of the disease. Cases of HAM/TSP exist with a probable vertical viral transmission.

Keywords

• Epidemiologia
• Vírus linfotrófico de células T humana tipo 1
• Paraparesia espástica tropical
• Epidemiology
• Human T cell lymphotropic virus 1
• Tropical spastic paraparesis