Exploring the Journey of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward Biomedical Applications
Fahadul Islam,
Sheikh Shohag,
Md. Jalal Uddin,
Md. Rezaul Islam,
Mohamed H. Nafady,
Aklima Akter,
Saikat Mitra,
Arpita Roy,
Talha Bin Emran,
Simona Cavalu
Affiliations
Fahadul Islam
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Sheikh Shohag
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
Md. Jalal Uddin
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
Md. Rezaul Islam
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Mohamed H. Nafady
Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12568, Egypt
Aklima Akter
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Saikat Mitra
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Arpita Roy
Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
Talha Bin Emran
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Simona Cavalu
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 400087 Oradea, Romania
The field of nanotechnology is concerned with the creation and application of materials having a nanoscale spatial dimensioning. Having a considerable surface area to volume ratio, nanoparticles have particularly unique properties. Several chemical and physical strategies have been used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Still, biological methods using green or natural routes in various underlying substances (e.g., plant extracts, enzymes, and microorganisms) can be more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than chemical and/or physical methods in the long run. ZnO-NPs are now being studied as antibacterial agents in nanoscale and microscale formulations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalent traditional method of generating ZnO-NPs, as well as its harmful side effects, and how it might be addressed utilizing an eco-friendly green approach. The study’s primary focus is on the potential biomedical applications of green synthesized ZnO-NPs. Biocompatibility and biomedical qualities have been improved in green-synthesized ZnO-NPs over their traditionally produced counterparts, making them excellent antibacterial and cancer-fighting drugs. Additionally, these ZnO-NPs are beneficial when combined with the healing processes of wounds and biosensing components to trace small portions of biomarkers linked with various disorders. It has also been discovered that ZnO-NPs can distribute and sense drugs. Green-synthesized ZnO-NPs are compared to traditionally synthesized ones in this review, which shows that they have outstanding potential as a potent biological agent, as well as related hazardous properties.