Task-Specific Phosphonium Iongels by Fast UV-Photopolymerization for Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries
Luca Porcarelli,
Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez,
Preston Sutton,
Vera Bocharova,
Asier Fdz De Anastro,
Montserrat Galceran,
Alexei P. Sokolov,
Patrick C. Howlett,
Maria Forsyth,
David Mecerreyes
Affiliations
Luca Porcarelli
POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez
POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Preston Sutton
ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne 3216, Australia
Vera Bocharova
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
Asier Fdz De Anastro
Center for Cooperative Rersearch on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Montserrat Galceran
Center for Cooperative Rersearch on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Alexei P. Sokolov
Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Patrick C. Howlett
ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne 3216, Australia
Maria Forsyth
POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
David Mecerreyes
POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
Sodium metal batteries are an emerging technology that shows promise in terms of materials availability with respect to lithium batteries. Solid electrolytes are needed to tackle the safety issues related to sodium metal. In this work, a simple method to prepare a mechanically robust and efficient soft solid electrolyte for sodium batteries is demonstrated. A task-specific iongel electrolyte was prepared by combining in a simple process the excellent performance of sodium metal electrodes of an ionic liquid electrolyte and the mechanical properties of polymers. The iongel was synthesized by fast (−3 S cm−1) and tunable storage modulus (104–107 Pa). Iongel with the best ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties (Iongel10) showed excellent battery performance: Na/iongel/NaFePO4 full cells delivered a high specific capacity of 140 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 120 mAh g−1 at 1 C with good capacity retention after 30 cycles.
