Chronic Periodontitis and Immunity, Towards the Implementation of a Personalized Medicine: A Translational Research on Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Linked to Chronic Oral Dysbiosis in 96 Caucasian Patients
Francesco Inchingolo,
Francesco Saverio Martelli,
Ciro Gargiulo Isacco,
Elisa Borsani,
Stefania Cantore,
Fabiana Corcioli,
Anna Boddi,
Kieu C.D. Nguyễn,
Danila De Vito,
Sergey K. Aityan,
Van Hung Pham,
Gianna Dipalma,
Andrea Ballini
Affiliations
Francesco Inchingolo
Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Francesco Saverio Martelli
Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Elisa Borsani
Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
Stefania Cantore
Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Danila De Vito
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Sergey K. Aityan
Department of Multidisciplinary Research Center, Lincoln University, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
Van Hung Pham
Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine, Da Nang City 50000, Vietnam
Gianna Dipalma
Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Andrea Ballini
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario “Ernesto Quagliariello”, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a complex pathology with a significant impact worldwide causing bone loss. Oral dysbiosis is a highly inflammatory condition associated to a long-term insulting infection and represents an underestimated CP key factor associated with an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene responses. The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene −1082, −819, and −592 was a possible determinant cause. This translational research aimed to provide outcomes on the role of IL-10 gene expression in bone loss diseases in patients affected by CP. Caucasian patients (n = 96) affected by CP were recruited from the Italian population. The subgingival samples were collected using the Bacterial Periodontal Assessment by Biomolecular Diagnostic® and the characterization of a set of 15 bacterial DNA responsible of periodontitis was performed by real-time multiplex PCR. In addition, two viruses, Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), and a pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans) were included as a part of our panel. Our results confirmed an existing association between IL-10 gene polymorphisms and polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1α-β-RN (IL-1α-β-RN), collagen type-l alpha (COLIA1), and vitamin D receptor (VDRs) genes in CP. Further studies are needed to improve diagnosis and endorse more effective therapeutic procedures for periodontal disease.
