Recent Advances in Glioma Cancer Treatment: Conventional and Epigenetic Realms
Mohsen Karami Fath,
Kimiya Babakhaniyan,
Mehran Anjomrooz,
Mohammadrasoul Jalalifar,
Seyed Danial Alizadeh,
Zeinab Pourghasem,
Parisa Abbasi Oshagh,
Ali Azargoonjahromi,
Faezeh Almasi,
Hafza Zahira Manzoor,
Bahman Khalesi,
Navid Pourzardosht,
Saeed Khalili,
Zahra Payandeh
Affiliations
Mohsen Karami Fath
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran
Kimiya Babakhaniyan
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996713883, Iran
Mehran Anjomrooz
Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran
Mohammadrasoul Jalalifar
Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
Seyed Danial Alizadeh
Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
Zeinab Pourghasem
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Lahijan, Gilan 4416939515, Iran
Parisa Abbasi Oshagh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer 6571995863, Iran
Ali Azargoonjahromi
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7417773539, Iran
Faezeh Almasi
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1411734115, Iran
Hafza Zahira Manzoor
Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria, Via jean Henry Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
Bahman Khalesi
Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj 3197619751, Iran
Navid Pourzardosht
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 4193713111, Iran
Saeed Khalili
Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran
Zahra Payandeh
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most typical and aggressive form of primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis. Successful glioma treatment is hampered by ineffective medication distribution across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the emergence of drug resistance. Although a few FDA-approved multimodal treatments are available for glioblastoma, most patients still have poor prognoses. Targeting epigenetic variables, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and different vaccine- and peptide-based treatments are some innovative approaches to improve anti-glioma treatment efficacy. Following the identification of lymphatics in the central nervous system, immunotherapy offers a potential method with the potency to permeate the blood-brain barrier. This review will discuss the rationale, tactics, benefits, and drawbacks of current glioma therapy options in clinical and preclinical investigations.
