Improved Performance of M-Class PMUs Based on a Magnitude Compensation Model for Wide Frequency Deviations
Jose Roberto Razo-Hernandez,
Ismael Urbina-Salas,
Guillermo Tapia-Tinoco,
Juan Pablo Amezquita-Sanchez,
Martin Valtierra-Rodriguez,
David Granados-Lieberman
Affiliations
Jose Roberto Razo-Hernandez
ENAP-Research Group, CA-Fuentes Alternas y Calidad de la Energía Eléctrica, Departamento de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato (ITESI), Carr. Irapuato-Silao km 12.5, Colonia El Copal 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato C. P. 36821, Mexico
Ismael Urbina-Salas
ENAP-Research Group, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Guanajuato (ITESG), Carretera Guanajuato a Puentecillas km 10.5, Puentecillas 36262, Guanajuato, Guanajuato C. P. 36262, Mexico
Guillermo Tapia-Tinoco
ENAP-Research Group, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, DICIS, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carr. Salamanca-Valle de Santiago, km 3.5 + 1.8, Salamanca, Guanajuato C. P. 36885, Mexico
Juan Pablo Amezquita-Sanchez
ENAP-Research Group, CA-Sistemas Dinámicos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ), Campus San Juan del Río, Río Moctezuma 249, Col. San Cayetano, San Juan del Río, Querétaro C. P. 76807, Mexico
Martin Valtierra-Rodriguez
ENAP-Research Group, CA-Sistemas Dinámicos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ), Campus San Juan del Río, Río Moctezuma 249, Col. San Cayetano, San Juan del Río, Querétaro C. P. 76807, Mexico
David Granados-Lieberman
ENAP-Research Group, CA-Fuentes Alternas y Calidad de la Energía Eléctrica, Departamento de Ingeniería Electromecánica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato (ITESI), Carr. Irapuato-Silao km 12.5, Colonia El Copal 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato C. P. 36821, Mexico
Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are important elements in power systems to monitor and know the real network condition. In order to regulate the performance of PMUs, the IEEE Std. C37.118.1 stablishes two classes—P and M, where the phasor estimation is carried out using a quadrature oscillator and a low-pass (LP) filter for modulation and demodulation, respectively. The LP filter plays the most important role since it determines the accuracy, response time and rejection capability of both harmonics and aliased signals. In this regard and by considering that the M-class filters are used for more accurate measurements, the IEEE Std. presents different M-class filters for different reporting rates (when a result is given). However, they can degrade their performance under frequency deviations if the LP frequency response is not properly considered. In this work, a unified model for magnitude compensation under frequency deviations for all the M-class filters is proposed, providing the necessary values of compensation to improve their performance. The model considers the magnitude response of the M-class filters for different reporting rates, a normalized frequency range based on frequency dilation and a fitted two-variable function. The effectiveness of the proposal is verified using both static and dynamic conditions for frequency deviations. Besides that, a real-time simulator to generate test signals is also used to validate the proposed methodology.
