Low-versus high-dose aspirin for venous thromboembolic prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background The adverse effects of aspirin are dose-dependent, and there is controversy surrounding the use of low-dose (LD) aspirin to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This meta-analysis sought to compare the efficacy and complication rate of low-dose (162 mg per day) versus high-dose (HD, 650 mg per day) aspirin after TJA surgery. Methods In four main databases, we searched from inception until September 2024 for articles comparing the rate of VTE following TJA(TKA/THA) using only aspirin chemoprophylaxis with different dosages. We meta-analyzed and compared the VTE and complication rates of LD aspirin (162 mg per day) with HD aspirin (650 mg per day) and presented our results as odds ratio (ORs) in forest plot diagrams. Results There were 14 eligible studies, comprising 43,518 patients in the LD group and 62,645 patients in the HD group. DVT (OR: 1.37, CI: 0.93–2.02, P = 0.11) and PE (OR: 1.86, CI: 0.73–4.72, P = 0.19) rates were similar between the groups. However, taking VTE as the total number of cases with DVT or PE, the incidence was significantly higher in the HD group than in the LD group (OR:1.53, CI: 1.17-2.00, P = 0.002). HD also had a significantly higher rate of PJI (OR:2.68 CI:1.5–4.6 P = 0.001), but gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) was similar between the two groups (OR: 0.97, CI: 0.42–2.22, P = 0.95). Conclusion The findings suggest that LD aspirin may be a viable option for VTE chemoprophylaxis following TJA, potentially offering comparable efficacy with a lower risk of PJI compared to HD aspirin regimens. Level of Evidence : Therapeutic Level II.

Keywords

• Arthroplasty
• Aspirin
• TKA
• THA
• PE
• VTE