Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока (Feb 2018)
The model of the winter triticale variety for the Middle Urals
Abstract
Expansion of winter triticale acreage in the Middle Urals is limited by a small range of modern varieties adapted to the region conditions. This arises the need for breeding, modeling of this crop new variety being the first stage of this work. The research was carried out in the Udmurt Republic in 2010-2015. Studies of the winter triticale varieties allowed to identify the nature of interrelation between the crop yield, its structure indices and winter resistance. On the average during the years of studies it became possible to establish a close correlation between the yielding capacity of winter triticale with its winter resistance (r = 0.72±0.23), of winter resistance with density of cultivated plants (r = 0.82±0.16) and density of yielding plant stand (r = 0.86±0.17). At the same time winter resistance did not affect the number of grains in the head, the weight of grain in the head, the weight of 1000 grains, the head length and density index. The calculation data were used in modeling of a new variety. A negative correlation between the height of plants with weight of 1000 grains (r = -0.63±0.26) and the weight of grain in the head (r = -0.41±0.30) indicates that an increase in the plant height is undesirable. The similar nature of the head length and density index relation (r = -0.42±0.21) allows to increase the head length and to decrease its density without reduction in yielding capacity of the head. The yielding capacity of the head may be raised by an increase in its grain content (r = 0.95±0.11) and in the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.85±0.18). Optimal morphological traits (tuft type, presence of waxiness, position of the flag leaf, head necking, pubescence under the head, head and awns color) and biological traits (growing season length, lodging resistance) of a model variety of winter triticale were determined based upon the local edaphoclimatic characteristics.
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