Intermediate Hyperglycemia Increases the Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Premature Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemia has been associated with an adverse prognosis in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether the intermediate hyperglycemia status affects the risk of mortality in premature CAD patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively included 14,585 premature CAD patients undergoing PCI from 2007 to 2020. Patients were divided into normal glycemia (<6%), intermediate hyperglycemia (6%–6.5%), and hyperglycemia (≥6.5%) according to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in whole blood. Follow-up all-cause mortality was defined as a primary outcome, and Cox proportional regression analysis was used to assess the association between glycemia status and the primary outcome. Results: Among 14,585 premature CAD patients undergoing PCI (mean age 43.6 ± 7.6 years, 28.1% female), 2856 (19.6%) were diagnosed with intermediate hyperglycemia. Over a median follow-up of 4.62 years (2.72–7.19 years), patients with hyperglycemia were correlated with higher risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.54, p < 0.001) while patients with intermediate hyperglycemia were associated with intermediate mortality risk from all causes (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.0–1.36, p = 0.049). Conclusions: Intermediate hyperglycemia was positively associated with all-cause mortality risk in patients with premature CAD undergoing PCI. Active glucose-lowering therapy may be considered in these patients. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05050877.

Keywords

• premature coronary artery disease
• intermediate hyperglycemia
• mortality
• percutaneous coronary intervention