Recent Updates on Epigenetic-Based Pharmacotherapy for Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Eko Fuji Ariyanto,1 Ibnu Wijaya,2 Zaky Alif Pradian,2 Agung Putri Mayasari Bhaskara,2 Putri Halleyana Adrikni Rahman,1 Nandina Oktavia1 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Eko Fuji Ariyanto, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia, Email [email protected]: Atherosclerosis is one of the most dominant pathological processes responsible in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) caused by cholesterol accumulation accompanied by inflammation in the arteries which will subsequently lead to further complications, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Although the incidence of atherosclerosis is decreasing in some countries, it is still considered the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a vascular pathological process that is chronically inflammatory and is characterized by the invasion of inflammatory cells and cytokines. Many reports have unraveled the pivotal roles of epigenetics such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in atherogenesis, which regulate the expression of numerous genes related to various responsible pathways. Many studies have been conducted to develop new therapeutical approaches based on epigenetic changes for combating atherosclerosis. This review elaborates on recent updates on the development of new atherosclerosis drugs whose mechanism of action is associated with the modulation of DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and ncRNA-based gene regulation.Keywords: atherosclerosis, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, pharmacotherapy

Keywords

• atherosclerosis
• dna methylation
• histone modifications
• non-coding rnas
• pharmacotherapy