Enhancing the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Iron Phosphate via Titanium Doping During Precursor Synthesis

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of different titanium doping concentrations on the properties of iron phosphate precursors and the final lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) materials, aiming to optimize the structural and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 by introducing titanium during the precursor synthesis stage. Titanium was introduced using titanate as a titanium source to prepare iron phosphate precursors with varying titanium concentrations. The materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other techniques. The results showed that titanium incorporation significantly influenced the Fe and P content in the precursors, with a decrease in both Fe and P levels as the titanium doping concentration increased. Moreover, as the titanium content increased, the particle size of the precursor decreased, and the particle distribution became more uniform. Additionally, titanium doping improved the tap density of the precursors, with a significant increase in tap density observed when the titanium content reached 4000 ppm. Electrochemical measurements revealed that titanium doping had a certain impact on the discharge capacity of LiFePO4, with the discharge capacity gradually decreasing as the titanium content increased. Overall, this study effectively improved the physical properties of LiFePO4 materials by introducing titanium during the precursor synthesis stage, providing a theoretical foundation for further optimization of titanium-doped LiFePO4.

Keywords

• titanium doping
• lithium iron phosphate
• iron phosphate precursor
• lithium-ion batteries