Detection of Epstein‒Barr virus DNA methylation as tumor markers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in saliva, oropharyngeal swab, oral swab, and mouthwash
Xiao‐Hui Zheng,
Xi‐Zhao Li,
Cao‐Li Tang,
Yu‐Meng Zhang,
Ting Zhou,
Xiao‐Jing Yang,
Ying Liao,
Yong‐Qiao He,
Tong‐Min Wang,
Wen‐Qiong Xue,
Wei‐Hua Jia
Affiliations
Xiao‐Hui Zheng
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Xi‐Zhao Li
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Cao‐Li Tang
School of Public Health Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
Yu‐Meng Zhang
School of Public Health Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
Ting Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Xiao‐Jing Yang
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Ying Liao
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Yong‐Qiao He
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Tong‐Min Wang
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Wen‐Qiong Xue
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Wei‐Hua Jia
State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
Abstract Saliva biopsy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been developed in our latest study, indicating the application of oral sampling in NPC detection. Further exploration of the potential for self‐sampling from the oral cavity is necessary. A total of 907 various samples from oral cavity, including saliva (n = 262), oropharyngeal swabs (n = 250), oral swabs (n = 210), and mouthwash (n = 185), were collected. Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) DNA methylation at the 12,420 bp CpG site in EBV genome from the repeat‐copy W promoter (Wp) region and at the 11,029 bp CpG site in the single‐copy C promoter (Cp) region were simultaneously detected in these samples. A significant increase in EBV methylation, no matter at Wp or Cp region, was found in all types of samples from NPC patients. However, EBV DNA methylation in saliva and oropharyngeal swab showed a better diagnostic performance in detecting NPC. The combination of these two sample types and two markers could help to improve the detection of NPC. Our study further explored the optimal self‐sampling methods and detection target in the detection of NPC and may facilitate the application of EBV DNA methylation detection in a home‐based large‐scale screening of NPC.
