Zeaxanthin Dipalmitate-Enriched Emulsion Stabilized with Whey Protein Isolate-Gum Arabic Maillard Conjugate Improves Gut Microbiota and Inflammation of Colitis Mice
Xuhui Kan,
Wangting Zhou,
Weiqi Xu,
Zhuqing Dai,
Yamei Yan,
Jia Mi,
Yi Sun,
Xiaoxiong Zeng,
Youlong Cao,
Lu Lu
Affiliations
Xuhui Kan
College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Wangting Zhou
College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Weiqi Xu
College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Zhuqing Dai
Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
Yamei Yan
Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750004, China
Jia Mi
Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750004, China
Yi Sun
College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Xiaoxiong Zeng
College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Youlong Cao
Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750004, China
Lu Lu
Institute of Wolfberry Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750004, China
In the present study, protein-polysaccharide Maillard conjugates were used as novel emulsifiers and bioactive carriers. Effects and potential mechanisms of zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD)-enriched emulsion stabilized with whey protein isolate (WPI)-gum Arabic (GA) conjugate (WPI-GA-ZD) and ZD-free emulsion (WPI-GA) on gut microbiota and inflammation were investigated using a model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. As a result, supplementation with WPI-GA and WPI-GA-ZD improved the serum physiological and biochemical indicators, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related mRNA, as well as increased the tight junction proteins to a certain extent. 16S rDNA sequencing analyses showed that supplementation with WPI-GA and WPI-GA-ZD presented differential modulation of gut microbiota and played regulatory roles in different metabolic pathways to promote health. Compared with WPI-GA, the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus and Clostridium_IV genera were enriched by the intervention of WPI-GA-ZD. Overall, the designed carotenoid-enriched emulsion stabilized with protein-polysaccharide conjugates showed potential roles in promoting health.
