Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical (Jul 2011)

DOUBLE-RING AND TENSION INFILTROMETER MEASUREMENTS OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND MOBILE SOIL REGIONS MEDIDAS DE CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA E MOVIMENTO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO POR ANÉIS CONCÊNTRICOS E INFILTRÔMETRO DE TENSÃO

  • Bernd Lennartz,
  • Bärbel Tiemeyer,
  • José Alves Júnior,
  • Sigrid Köhne,
  • John M. Köhne,
  • Jens Kruse

DOI
https://doi.org/10.5216/pat.v41i3.11376
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 41, no. 3

Abstract

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<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">There are several field methods and techniques for measuring </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ks</span></em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">. </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In this study, double-ring (DI) and tension infiltrometer (TI) infiltration techniques were combined with dye tracer application and compared for estimating </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">K</span></em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">s</span></em></span></span></sub></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> and the mobile soil fraction on a structured sandy loam soil (Gleyic Luvisol), in Rostock, Germany. Water was infiltrated into soil by using three methods: DI, TI (without contact with sand), and TI</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">sand</span></span></span></span></sub></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> (with contact with sand), until steady-state conditions were obtained. At different positions, three pulse depths of 25 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm, with a 2 g L</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span></sup></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Brilliant Blue (BB) FCF dye solution, were used. The results showed variable </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">K</span></em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">s</span></em></span></span></sub></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> values for DI of 820-2,020 cm d</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-1</span></span></span></span></sup></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">, which were 7 to 13 times higher, when compared to TI values, and 12 to 33 times higher than for TI</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">sand</span></span></span></span></sub></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">. For the 25 mm and 50 mm BB applications, the mobile (dye-stained) soil regions constituted up to 60% in the top 25 cm and varied little, when considered the infiltration methods. Only the 100 mm application, using the DI, yielded significant BB displacement into the subsoil. Hence, both </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">K</span></em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">s</span></em></span></span></sub></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> values and their corresponding dye pattern depended on the boundary conditions. For DI, more than 90% of the dye was constrained below the infiltration area, revealing that flow was essentially vertical.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify !important;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>Existem muitas técnicas e métodos de campo para medir e estimar a condutividade hidráulica saturada do solo (</span></span></span></span></span></span><em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>Ks</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>). Neste estudo, medidas de condutividade hidráulica (</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>K</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></em><em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>s</span></span></span></span></span></sub></span></span></em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>) e movimento de água no solo, pelos métodos anéis concêntricos (DI) e infiltrômetro de tensão (TI), foram avaliados em solo de textura média (Gleyic Luvisol), em Rostock, na Alemanha. Após obtida a estabilidade de infiltração da água, utilizando-se os métodos DI, TI (sem contato com areia) e TI</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>sand </span></span></span></span></span></sub></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>(com contato com areia), três lâminas de 25 mm, 50 mm e 100 mm de solução corada de azul, 2 g L</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><sup><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>-1</span></span></span></span></span></sup></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span> Brilliant Blue FCF (BB), foram aplicadas, em diferentes posições, na área. Os resultados mostraram variação nos valores de </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>K</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></em><em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>s</span></span></span></span></span></sub></span></span></em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span> obtidos por DI de 820-2.020 cm d</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><sup><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>-1</span></span></span></span></span></sup></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>, os quais foram de 7 a 13 vezes maiores, quando comparados aos valores com TI, e 12 a 33 vezes maiores, quando comparados com TI</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>sand</span></span></span></span></span></sub></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>. Para as aplicações de 25 mm e 50 mm de BB, o corante concentrou-se 60% na camada de 25 cm e variou pouco entre os métodos de infiltração. Somente para a lâmina de 100 mm, utilizando-se o método DI, observou-se dispersão do corante, atingindo camadas mais profundas. Assim, observou-se que os valores de </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>K</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></em><em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><sub><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>s </span></span></span></span></span></sub></span></span></em><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><span><span>e a dispersão de corante dependeram das condições de contorno. Além disto, para o método DI, mais de 90% do corante concentrou-se abaixo da área de infiltração, revelando fluxo vertical preferencial.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></p>

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