Cutaneous manifestations of primary immunodeficiency

Abstract

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a group of rare, chronic disorders with deficient or malfunctioning immune system. It commonly affects the hematopoietic system, with skin the second most affected organ. Skin involvement is observed in half of pediatric PID cases and often precedes the final diagnosis. Skin infections and eczemas are the two most common manifestations in PID.[1] Skin manifestations associated with PIDs can be of infectious and noninfectious causes. Common noninfectious causes are eczema, erythroderma, cutaneous granulomas, dysplasia, vasculitis, and telangiectasia. It is important to be aware of skin manifestations in pediatric patients as early detection of PID may aid in the management of serious immunologic conditions and prevent associated morbidity and mortality.

Keywords

• Ataxia telangiectasia
• chronic granulomatous disease
• common variable immunodeficiency
• leukocyte adhesion defects
• primary immunodeficiency
• severe combined immunodeficiency
• Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome