Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitor Ameliorates β-Amyloid Oligomer-Induced Alzheimer Disease in Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorders, and its incidence increases globally every year. Currently, available AD drugs symptomatically treat AD with multiple adverse effects. Gefitinib (GE) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor. EGFR is the preferred target for the treatment of AD, whereas the effect of GE in AD conditions is limited. The present study was designed to explore the ameliorative potential of GE in Aβ1–42 oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in AD mice. AD was induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ1–42 oligomer (4 μg/4 μL) into the lateral ventricles of the mouse brain. The test compound, i.e., GE (2 and 4 mg/kg of body weight), was administered orally on days 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28, and the reference drug, i.e., donepezil (DP, 2 mg/kg), was administered orally from the 10th to 28th days. The behavioral changes were screened by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Furthermore, biomarkers i.e., brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated from brain samples. The AD-associated histopathological changes were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The administration of GE significantly ameliorated the AD-associated behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological changes. The ameliorative effect of GE against the Aβ1–42 oligomer-associated neurotoxicity was due to its potent inhibition of EGFR kinase activation, as well as its antioxidant and antilipid peroxidative effect.

Keywords

• acetylcholinesterase
• donepezil
• gefitinib
• intracerebroventricular
• Morris water maze
• neurodegeneration