The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology (Mar 2023)

Short-term evaluation of motor and sensory nerve conduction parameters in COVID-19-associated peripheral neuropathy patients

  • Ahmad M. Shaddad,
  • Aliaë A. R. Mohammed Hussein,
  • Amal Mohamed Aly Tohamy,
  • Waleed Gamal Elddine Khalil

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43168-023-00189-3
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 1
pp. 1 – 8

Abstract

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Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) is mostly associated with upper and lower respiratory tract manifestations. However, coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) can result in a wide range of other systemic symptomatology, including neuropsychiatric, psychological, and psychosocial impairments. Literature regarding neurological compromise, including neuropathy and sensory and motor affection associated with COVID-19, is still limited. This study aims to evaluate the sensory, motor neuropathy, and secondary neurological impairment among patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease associated with peripheral neuropathy within 1 month. Methods Forty participants, including 20 mild to moderate COVID-19 patients with peripheral neuropathy and 20 age and gender-matched healthy volunteers, were recruited in this case/control study. Laboratory evaluation focused on C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer levels. Oxygen saturation for all participants was recorded. The neurophysiological study included motor nerve study, sensory nerve study, and F wave study for upper and lower limbs were done. Results The two groups were similar regarding baseline data. Neurological symptoms’ onset in the COVID-19 group ranged from 4 to 24 days. Levels of CRP and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in patients versus the control group. Motor nerve conduction (MNC) amplitude and latency for the median nerve were significantly compromised among the COVID-19 group. The MNC latency and F wave latency for the posterior tibial nerve were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. The CRP and D-dimer levels were associated with a significant positive correlation with a latency of median nerve MNC, sensory nerve conduction (SNC), and f-wave; latency of MNC and F wave of the posterior tibial nerve; and SNC latency for sural nerve. Conclusion neurological involvement can occur in mild to moderate cases of SARS-COV-2 infection and add to the burden of the disease. Neurological symptoms in the course of COVID-19 disease should be interpreted cautiously, and appropriate diagnosis, including nerve conduction studies and management, should be considered. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05721040.

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