A Novel Ferrocene-Linked Thionine as a Dual Redox Mediator for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide
Manikandan Palinci Nagarajan,
Manikandan Ramalingam,
Ilakeya Subbiah Arivuthilagam,
Vishwa Paramaguru,
Md. Mahbubur Rahman,
Jongdeok Park,
Francis Kwaku Asiam,
Byungjik Lee,
Kwang Pyo Kim,
Jae-Joon Lee
Affiliations
Manikandan Palinci Nagarajan
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
Manikandan Ramalingam
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
Ilakeya Subbiah Arivuthilagam
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
Vishwa Paramaguru
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
Md. Mahbubur Rahman
Department of Energy Materials Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
Jongdeok Park
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
Francis Kwaku Asiam
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
Byungjik Lee
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
Kwang Pyo Kim
Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoung-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
Jae-Joon Lee
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
We introduce a novel dual redox mediator synthesized by covalently linking ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FcDA) and thionine (TH) onto a pre-treated glassy carbon electrode. This unique structure significantly enhances the electro-oxidation of dopamine (DA) and the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), offering a sensitive detection method for both analytes. The electrode exhibits exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, demonstrating potential for practical applications in biosensing. It facilitates rapid electron transfer between the analyte and the electrode surface, detecting H2O2 concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 60 µM with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.49 µM and DA concentrations from 0.3 to 230 µM with an LoD of 0.07 µM. The electrode’s performance was validated through real-sample analyses, yielding satisfactory results.
