Adaptive characteristics of promising soybean cultivars under the conditions of the south of the Russian Far East

Abstract

Background. Promising soybean breeding material was evaluated for a number of agronomic traits and adaptability to the conditions of Primorsky Territory. The effect of local weather and climate factors on the accumulation of protein and oil in soybean seeds is discussed.Materials and methods. Thirty-two promising soybean cultivars were tested at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika in 2021–2023. Cv. ‘Primorskaya 4’ served as the reference.Results. The best soybean cultivars were selected on the basis of the trials for high yields, high protein and oil content in seeds, and resistance to unfavorable growing conditions. Soybean cvs. Primorskaya 1690 and Primorskaya 1693 exceeded the reference in yield by 32.4% and 38.6%, respectively. The highest oil content in seeds (24.8–25.2%) was observed in Primorskaya 1674, Primorskaya 1685, Primorskaya 1687, and Primorskaya 1690. The highest protein content (over 40.0%) was found in the seeds of Primorskaya 1659, Primorskaya 1675, and Primorskaya 1691. Resistance to stressful growing conditions was demonstrated by Primorskaya 1674, Primorskaya 1679, Primorskaya 1684, Primorskaya 1692, Primorskaya 1702, and Primorskaya 1705. Low environmental plasticity was manifested by 40.6% of the genotypes. Primorskaya 1697, Primorskaya 1698, Primorskaya 1690, and Primorskaya 1693 stood out for their high adaptability. The effect of local weather and climate factors on the accumulation of nutrients in soybean seeds was confirmed. Short-term precipitation combined with high temperatures resulted in higher protein content. Oil accumulation was facilitated by high temperatures accompanied by either deficient or excessive moisture content in soil.

Keywords

• soybean
• primorsky territory
• yield
• protein
• oil
• resistance to stressors